不一般！聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署夸贊江蘇省環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心
2020-01-14
6月3日，聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署代理執(zhí)行主任喬伊斯?姆蘇亞女士一行來參加江蘇省“六五環(huán)境日”的”四方對話 打一場藍天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)”和“我來測一測”兩個活動期間造訪了江蘇省環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心。前期已經(jīng)對江蘇省“六五環(huán)境日”有關(guān)活動做過報道，下面是聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署對省環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心有關(guān)情況的再次詳細介紹。
“看，過來了一個。”順著工程師所指的方向， 一眨眼的功夫，一個油漆桶大小的真空罐就從天花板上氣動管道的這頭穿到了那頭。里面采集的是江蘇數(shù)百個土壤監(jiān)測樣點中的一個。
“Oh, here comes one now,” the engineer says, pointing up. In a blink, a capsule about the size of a paint can has shot across the ceiling in a pneumatic tube. Inside is a sample of soil collected from one of hundreds of monitoring spots across Jiangsu province, on China’s central eastern coast.
真空罐落入類似自動售貨機的設(shè)備中，實驗室技術(shù)人員刷卡將其取出。在位于監(jiān)測中心8樓的實驗室中，他將測試樣品中是否存在揮發(fā)性有機化合物。某些化合物成分復雜，甚至具有很強的毒性，如果沒有精密復雜的儀器設(shè)備，很難檢測出來。
The capsule lands in a device like a vending machine, and a lab technician swipes his key card to lift it out. Here on the 8th floor of the Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Centre, he’ll test the sample for the presence of volatile organic compounds. Certain compounds are extremely poisonous and can cause liver, brain and kidney damage. They can also be extremely difficult to detect without complex equipment and processes.
不同的土壤樣品送到中心不同實驗室進行檢測。揮發(fā)性有機化合物和重金屬等污染物可能通過工業(yè)污染、受污染的地下水、其他途徑等浸入土壤。該監(jiān)測中心正致力于研究污染來源，防止土壤、空氣和水污染對人類健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境造成威脅。
Other samples of the soil have been delivered throughout the building for other tests. Pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or heavy metals may have found their way into the soil through industrial waste, contaminated groundwater or other methods. The Centre is working to identify and prevent risks to health and the environment from soil, air and water pollution.
氣動管道還可以在監(jiān)測中心綜合樓的11個樓層間傳輸空氣樣本。相較這種充滿“蒸汽朋克”氣息的氣動管道輸送模式，水樣本卻是由一尺多高的自動機器人背運的。
The pneumatic tubes also ship the air samples around the 11-floor complex. In contrast to the steampunk conveyance of the tubes, water samples are shuttled around on the backs of autonomous shin-high robots.
土壤實驗室外，一群前來參觀的學生無意間擋住了機器人的去路，機器人“不耐煩”地繞開人群，緩慢挪步。 突然，它在由擁擠的人群構(gòu)筑的密集大腿障礙物間找到了間隙，颼地一下穿越而過，繼續(xù)奔馳在大廳內(nèi)運送貨物。東張西望的學生對機器人而言完全不是障礙。小機器人甚至可以獨自上下樓梯。
Just outside the soil lab, one of them is impatiently trying?to navigate around a visiting group of students who have accidentally blocked its path. The robot inches forward. Suddenly, it sees a gap in the forest of legs and whirs off down the hall to deliver its cargo. Absentminded students are hardly an obstacle. The little robot will even navigate stairs on its own.
機器人和氣動管道不僅僅是新奇事物，更是龐大的自動化系統(tǒng)的一部分，江蘇——這個全國人口最密集的省份希望能借助自動化系統(tǒng)緩解環(huán)境問題。
Robots and pneumatic tubes may seem only a novelty, but they are part of a larger system of automation that China’s most densely populated province hopes will help them proactively neutralize environmental problems.
自動化絕不是噱頭。江蘇省已花費逾8.4億元人民幣（約1.2億美元）用于生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，于2019年初更新先進遙感監(jiān)測設(shè)備及實驗室儀器設(shè)備。江蘇現(xiàn)已成為全國首個實現(xiàn)縣、市級空氣自動監(jiān)測站全覆蓋的省份。全省200多個監(jiān)測站從各地收集空氣質(zhì)量自動監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)將用于該省投資近3,000萬元人民幣（約430萬美元）的監(jiān)測和分析計劃，使環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心能夠預測空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況，并通過官網(wǎng)、客戶端和其他媒體平臺向公眾發(fā)布每月監(jiān)測結(jié)果和每周預測。
The automation is anything but a gimmick. Jiangsu has spent over US$120 million (CNY840 million) on retooling their monitoring efforts, rolling out advanced remote sensors and lab equipment in early 2019. Jiangsu is now the first province in China to have automatic air quality monitoring stations in every county and city. Over 200 stations are gathering data from sensors located across the province—even on drones and unmanned ships. This data is fed into a custom US$4.3 million (CNY30 million) monitoring and analysis programme that allows the Centre to predict environmental conditions. They release monthly results and a weekly forecast to the public, available on a website, app and through other media.
“關(guān)于環(huán)境問題的討論已進行得如火如荼，但采取切實行動才是關(guān)鍵?！甭?lián)合國環(huán)境署代理執(zhí)行主任喬伊斯·姆蘇亞（Joyce Msuya）說，“江蘇為環(huán)境和8000萬居民的福祉進行了大量投資。 這就是領(lǐng)導力，而我們需要更多這樣的領(lǐng)導力?！?/strong>
“Talk about the environment has reached a fever pitch, but it’s critical we back this up with action.” said Joyce Msuya, Acting Executive Director of UN Environment. “Here in Jiangsu we have a massive investment in the environment and the well-being of the 80 million people living here. It’s leadership and it’s what we need more of.”
每周預測不僅告知公眾，也為政府決策提供支撐。當預測的空氣污染嚴重到一定程度時，會發(fā)布不同級別的預警，用不同顏色表示。政府也將啟動重污染應急措施，控制污染物。 若啟動黃色（三級）預警，部分公司需要減產(chǎn)減排。若啟動（二級）橙色預警，部分車輛將被限行。 在紅色（一級）預警下，鋼鐵和水泥廠將停產(chǎn)或限產(chǎn)減排，施工工地停工以減少揚塵。
The weekly forecasts don’t only inform the public. They inform government policy. When air quality is forecasted to worsen to a certain level, colour codes are issued and the government implements predetermined controls to rein in pollutants. A specific list of companies may have to reduce production for low-level yellow alerts. At orange, certain vehicles will be prohibited from the roads. In an extreme red code situation, steel and cement plants may have to reduce output or shut down entirely and construction can be halted to reduce dust.
上述最嚴峻的情況較為罕見。 去年只發(fā)布了少數(shù)黃色和橙色預警。 即便如此，江蘇省環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心主任程煒并沒有忽視污染問題的嚴重性。 “空氣污染是擺在全人類面前的挑戰(zhàn)。”他說。
These worst-case scenarios are rare. Last year there were only a handful of yellow and orange codes. Even so, Wei Cheng, Director of the Centre, is not dismissive of the problem. “Air pollution is a challenge for all humankind,” he says.
但他對未來持樂觀態(tài)度。 “我相信空氣污染和水污染問題會得到改善。 正如習主席所說，未來是開放共享的。?我們需要匯集多方資源來解決我們面臨的問題。 所有國家都應盡最大努力保護環(huán)境?！?/strong>
But he is hopeful. “I’m confident that air and water pollution will be improved. As President Xi has said, it’s a shared future. We need to pull together resources to tackle this problem we all face. All countries should do their utmost to protect the environment.”
